Obesity Becoming A Public Concern - 1654 Words

Executive Summary Obesity has become an epidemic in American societies that has become a public concern. According to the American Obesity Association (AOA), overweight and obesity rates are higher than ever in America’s youth. Obesity is the fastest growing cause of disease in American society today. Some of the major health concerns for today’s youth with obesity include severe asthma, Diabetes, Hypertension, orthopedic complications and sleep apnea. Researchers have come up with many different causes of obesity including biological cause, psychological causes, and sociological causes. Although they have been able to come up with these causes one of the most blamed causes of obesity is the food industry. Medical researchers and other professionals have been able to produce a variety of solutions to treat and prevent obesity including Gastric bypass surgery that is available at the age of eighteen. With all the solutions present, without changing the attitudes and lifestyles of the pa rents who are buying the food for the children the epidemic will continue. Obesity is a complex health issue that has become a dangerous problem in today’s youth. According to the American Obesity Association (AOA), overweight and obesity rates are higher than ever in America’s youth. Obesity is defined as the presence of excess adipose tissue. To be considered obese, professionals use the Body Mass index (BMI) as the main source of measurement and other measurements to seeShow MoreRelatedEssay on Public School Health Care558 Words   |  3 PagesThe public school system offers several different types of health care services to students concerning issues that are a problem in 21st century schools. Two of the top concerns in public school health care concern the on topics of reproduction and obesity. With over 50 million students attending public schools, it is important to recognize and understand that school systems have a responsibility to provide health care education and services that will educate and hopefully improve the health ofRe ad MoreObesity in America Essay1285 Words   |  6 Pagesa long time, obesity has been one of the notable health concerns that America has struggled with during the last five decades .Obesity as a health concern is not limited to America alone, it is a serious concern among other affluent societies like European countries. A considerable number of Americans spend a significant amount of money trying to lose weight. Obesity become an important focus in the news items during the year 2002.According to research findings, the rate of obesity among the AmericanRead MoreComparing Views: Reasons behind the Obesity Problem Essay1676 Words   |  7 PagesI Mrs. Zewe 20 October, 2010 Obesity: To Be or Not To Be? One of the most controversial debates of this generation is on who is the blame for the obesity epidemic. More specifically, who is responsible for obesity: the individual who is obese or the government and fast food corporations? In Radley Balkos essay What You Eat Is Your Business and in David Zinczenkos essay Dont Blame the Eater, the main ideas that are presented both reflect upon obesity and personal responsibility. TheRead MoreEpidemiology : Epidemiology And Epidemiology Essay977 Words   |  4 Pagesincreased likelihood of becoming obese.1 C-section is a procedure used during high-risk pregnancies. This method of delivery is an option; however, it may be associated with negative health outcomes. The news story sheds light on the findings and illustrates a 15% increased likelihood of a child becoming obese when born by C-section instead of vaginal delivery.1 The heightened risk was primarily significant amongst siblings. The findings depict a 64% increased likelihood of beco ming obese when born byRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Obesity And Obesity1196 Words   |  5 PagesThe prevalence of obesity has increased significantly in populations worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) (2015) estimated that 400 million adults were considered obese worldwide and is projected to double by the year 2015. Traditionally, obesity is associated with high caloric intake and lower levels of physical activity in high income Western countries. However, low and middle income countries are increasingly becoming obese and becoming a major public health concern in regards to qualityRead MoreObesity : What Is Eating Me?1218 Words   |  5 Pages Obesity: What is Eating Me? Jonathan Griffin Introduction to Sociology Instructor: Beth Stewart March 06, 2017 Obesity in this country has reached epidemic proportions. The physical, emotional, and socio-economic effects of obesity make it a concern, because it links us to many of the maladies that are killing us. Obesity is a symptom of a more important issue, the manipulation of our food source. We have reached the point in this country where eating a balanced diet does notRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Major Health Issue1731 Words   |  7 Pages Abstract Childhood obesity is a major health issue nationwide and globally. This has been going on for many years and childhood obesity has increased tremendously. The main problem is the difference between calorie ingestion and calories consumed. Other influences (hereditary, developmental, and environmental) can also affect obese children. Physical, emotional, and public health issues causes pain and suffering for many children. The process of obesity growth is not completely understoodRead MoreShould Not Be A Social Norm?1380 Words   |  6 PagesShould not being obesity How many obese individuals do you see a day on the street? How do you think if overweight consider be a petty group as our future social norm? There are many serious health issues in our society. Today, obesity is one of the most popular diseases in America. Being overweight is usually a warning sign that people could be on their way to becoming obesity. According to Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention report, the most recent national data shows moreRead MoreThe Public Needs to Know: Dietary Changes to School Meals1088 Words   |  4 PagesThe Public Needs to Know: Dietary Changes to School Meals Children today are in much greater danger of health issues related to poor nutrition and diet than seen in previous generations. As children continue to face the dangers of issues like obesity, more and more programs are aiming to address the issue with effectiveness. It is clear that something needs to be done in regards to helping improve the nutritional intake of school in the state and across the country. Changes to breakfast and lunchRead MoreU.s School Food Regulation For Public Schools Essay1543 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican public schools have poor nutrition, and it causes obesity in teenagers. As a former student of the American public school systems, the condition of the food has been a problem for years. Over the past two decades, obesity has been an issue in the U.S, and it is due to poor school nutrition. The public schools lack a variation in the healthy meals they contain. Inadequate nutrition can lead to an abundance of health problems. Although spending money on foo d can be expensive, the government

Role of CDER

Question: Describe about the Role of CDER? Answer: Introduction: CDERs mission is to promote and protect public health to ensure the usage of drugs is safe and effective according to their intended use. CDER also ensure the availability of the drugs to the patients and they must match the quality standards. CDER is a part of U.S Food and drug administration (FDA). Including generic drugs and biological therapeutics, CDER do prescription on drugs and also regulates over-the-counter. CDER regulates various other things as well other than medicine. For example, sunscreens and dandruff shampoos that can be considered as drugs and others as well like fluoride toothpaste and antiperspirants. CDERs basic business model: CDERs mission can be described in terms of three long-term objectives for human drugs, which are identified in Strategic priorities given by FDA (2013-2017). CDERs mission is to Make promotion on public health to ensure the availability of effective and safe drugs. Protection of the public health by promoting the safe usage of marketed drugs. The protection of the health of the public by ensuring the integrity and quality of the products that are marketed. All these long term objectives do implementation on FDA responsibilities for human drugs, as specified in the act upon Food Drug and Cosmetic (CDER issues guidance against use of certain phthalates, 2012). CDER intensely pursue the objectives and fundamental goals, such as- CDER conducts science based premarket review so that it can ensure the drugs can be marketed to the public are effective and safe. CDER do identification and development of the new scientific models, methods and tools to improve the safety, quality, efficiency and predictability of new drug development. CDER also do promotion of health and patient awareness about drug benefits and the associated risk through effective communication on drug information. CDER conduct the post-market surveillance to detect new safety signal at early stage. CDER provide promotion of safe of use of the drug. CDER ensure the security of the global supply chain to ensure the drug integrity. CDER ensures that the distribution and manufacturing of drugs with a better quality standard. Improve the drug quality and its capacity through the extended use of risk-based methods. CDER do the promotion to increase awareness of public and stakeholder about the drug integrity and quality through the effective consumer communication(Highlights of US CDER drug safety activity in 2003, 2004). CDERs operating model: Science: Science includes portfolio for management and development of a regulatory research to maximize the return on investment of applied research, so that the inherent uncertainties in manufacturing and development can be reduced. Policy: Policies include the development of the CDER guidance and regulations related to the three core areas- committing and drafting on legislation, leading the response and analysis to the citizen petitions and making other coordination policies with other international and federal policy- making bodies and other FDA offices (Jacobs and Brown, 2015). Planning: Planning includes the trend analysis, which affects the resource requirements and CDER mission, program plan development and performance metrics, implementation done on the identified program initiative, program performance evaluation and conduct operation analysis. Management: Management includes systems and its processes for hiring, training, paying, assessing and retention staff. Administrative management tasks include formulation of center budget, execution and requests on budget, requirements on planning facility and addressing associated issues with the current facility operations. Information management/Information Technology: It includes developments of the infrastructure, standards, process and tools to enable full e-regulatory oversight throughput drug life cycle. This area includes implementation and development of long-range plans to manage information, including a process of co-evolving business operation and enable informatics (Lu, 2007). Communication: Communication includes the set of collected information, based on which outside stake holders need to know and want to know about the safe use of human drugs and related information about them. This activity also looks for the FDAs activity of protecting public health and also to help in product innovation and the advance drug development program. Range of activities include public roll-out of the information on newly taken CDER regulatory initiatives and also make use of other information and full range of media and other information channel to enable relevant and good understanding of human drug issues(Schwieterman, 2006). Conclusion: With all the above discussion it is recognized that the health professional, consumers, patients and most importantly external stake holder play a critical role in CDERs effort to achieve mission and vision to set up awareness of healthy usage of drugs. CDRE helps to give shape to the management and implement programs that leverage the FDA efforts and ultimately it is improving public health. References CDER issues guidance against use of certain phthalates. (2012). Reactions Weekly, 1432(1), pp.2-2. CDER proposes changes to improve safety of compounding. (2013). Reactions Weekly, 1454(1), pp.4-4. Comments from the Survey by CDERCBER Scientists. (2006). Oncology Times, 28(16), p.12. Hastings, K. (2002). Implications of the new FDA/CDER immunotoxicology guidance for drugs. International Immunopharmacology, 2(11), pp.1613-1618. Highlights of US CDER drug safety activity in 2003. (2004). Reactions Weekly, NA;(1005), p.3. Woodcock, J. (2014). Paving the critical path of drug development: the CDER perspective. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 13(11), pp.783-784.

Managerial Communication Breakdown

Abstract The following paper is an interview with a manager at a multinational retail firm. The interviewee’s official title is divisional vice president of human resources. The managerial climate of the firm at the time of the interview can be categorized as turbulent – senior management underwent a major shift the week before, and two days before the interview the CEO stepped down and a new CEO addressed the senior managers.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Managerial Communication Breakdown specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The firm itself loses money each quarter; the financial climate therefore remains uncertain, and many people fear lay-offs and downsizing. Keywords: business communication, managerial communication, breakdown, strategies Managerial Communication Breakdown Introduction The following paper includes elements from an interview with a senior manager at a multinational retail firm. The interviewee’s official title is divisional vice president of human resources. The managerial climate of the firm at the time of the interview can be categorized as turbulent and stressful; senior management underwent a major shift the week before, and two days before the interview the CEO stepped down and a new CEO addressed the senior managers at a breakfast meeting. No warning occurred prior to the CEO’s transition, and many senior managers experienced trepidation at the swiftness and secrecy surrounding the CEO’s exit. The feeling in the company, according to the interviewee, was â€Å"it’s a bad omen† (E. Kurtz, personal communication, June 25, 2011). The firm itself loses money each quarter; the financial climate therefore remains uncertain, and many people fear lay-offs and downsizing. Breakdowns in Internal Politics As explained above, the current climate of the retail company is beset with anxiety. According to the interviewee, à ¢â‚¬Å"everyone is afraid. No one knows what is going on, since in recent weeks the C-suite has been like a revolving door. We’ve had hires and fires going on at a blistering pace, and since just about everyone in senior management is now new, the ones who didn’t leave in the first round are wondering when the axe will fall on them.Advertising Looking for research paper on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Communication wise this has created an atmosphere of mistrust; the internal politics can be summed up in three words: Trust no one. I also have the feeling that everyone is updating their resume and looking for a new job – there’s a real sense that the rats are fleeing the Titanic. As a result no one is really focusing on the work at hand, which is to pull the company out of the lion’s mouth. Communication about the business itself is almost an afterthought. Everybody i s just trying to find out what’s going on and if they will have a job next week† (E. Kurtz, personal communication, June 25, 2011). The dearth of trust in the organization described herein speaks to what Casey, Miller Johnson (1997) call â€Å"information deprivation†¦ information deprivation will motivate survivors to engage in strategic information-seeking behaviors. Survivors may seek to confirm rumors that the downsizing is only the first in a series of RIFs or ascertain if the organization is stable with a leaner staff. Information-seeking strategies are deliberate, conscious efforts to obtain information that vary in accordance to their overtness and the degree of specificity of desired information† (Casey, Miller Johnson 1997). According to the interviewee an effective strategy in recent days has been â€Å"active listening. I find that if I spend the first few minutes of the meeting listening to the fears and anxieties from my team, they settle do wn instantly and we return to our effective work mode. In my experience when managers ignore the anxieties of their team it just doesn’t work; yes, these are irrational fears and nobody knows what will happen, however the simple act of listening in a thoughtful way without judgment seems to focus my team instantly† (E. Kurtz, personal communication, June 25, 2011). Breakdowns in Decision Making According to Winter, Neal Waner (2001), â€Å"poor communication skills can bias group decision making† (Winter, Neal Waner 2001). In the experience of the interviewee, decision making in the organization suffers at the present time simply because of â€Å"impatience. We just got a new CEO, yet everyone wants to know now what is happening now. The poor guy hasn’t even sat at his own desk yet.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Managerial Communication Breakdown specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Decision making is rife with speculation and prediction – all the arm chair quarterbacks are out in full force trying to predict the new guy’s play – and I find that very few decisions have been made, aside from the major decision to exit the old CEO and bring in the new one† (E. Kurtz, personal communication, June 25, 2011). The strategy that the interviewee employed at the time of the interview is â€Å"avoiding groupthink. When we are in a strategy meeting, I do not allow any speculation as to the current CEO’s plan. Groupthink derails decision making almost instantly, and all it takes is one person to make some remark about what the CEO did in his previous role – how many people he fired, usually – and the whole team dissolves into panic mode. I steer us back to the task at hand – whatever decision needs to be made in the next hour – and I tend to be a firm taskmaster. The strategy that works best for me is t o not verbally engage the groupthink in any way; I simply restate the task, and lead the group back to the fold† (E. Kurtz, personal communication, June 25, 2011). Breakdowns in Leadership According to Winter, Neal Waner (2001), â€Å"the more realistic the task, the more likely it is that the emergent leader will be from either sex†¦however, where participants have less stake in the outcome, men are slightly more likely to emerge as leaders. Women take the leadership role more often in social situations, and men participate more and act as leader more often in task situations†¦even when a woman had taken the leadership role and performed most of the leadership tasks, if a man had contributed significantly, he was perceived as the leader† (Winter, Neal Waner 2001). In the current climate of the organization, leadership styles differ significantly, and according to the interviewee, some leaders deploy a masculine or authoritative style that â€Å"really isnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t flying for us at the moment. The old CEO had a tendency toward public rebuking of his direct reports. I’m not saying that’s why he left, but that had an effect on people, you know?Advertising Looking for research paper on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Telling someone they suck in public does not win hearts and minds. I think to his credit he felt like that tactic would motivate guys to make sure they did a better job, however in our case it backfired. No one felt safe to communicate for fear of being stripped naked in front of peers† (E. Kurtz, personal communication, June 25, 2011). The communication strategy that the interviewee uses to handle performance issues among the members of her team is â€Å"personal and private. I take the individual aside and I make sure no one witnesses me doing this. Then I explain to him or her that we are going to place him on a performance plan, if we are, or if I need to find out why certain tasks aren’t getting done, I ask the question one to one and then work with the team member to facilitate the task† (E. Kurtz, personal communication, June 25, 2011). References Casey, M.K., Miller, V.D. Johnson, J.R. (1997). â€Å"Survivors’ information seeking following a redu ction in workforce.† Communication Research, 24, (6), 755-777. Kurtz, E. (2011, June 25). Personal communication. Winter, J.K., Neal, J.C. Waner, K. K. (2001). â€Å"How male, female, and mixed-gender groups regard interaction and leadership differences in the business communication course.† Business Communication Quarterly, 64 (3), 43-59. This research paper on Managerial Communication Breakdown was written and submitted by user M.O.D.O.G. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Degrees of Freedom for Independence in Two-Way Table

Degrees of Freedom for Independence in Two-Way Table The number of degrees of freedom for independence of two categorical variables is given by a simple formula:   (r - 1)(c - 1).   Here r is the number of rows and c is the number of columns in the two way table of the values of the categorical variable.   Read on to learn more about this topic and to understand why this formula gives the correct number. Background One step in the process of many hypothesis tests is the determination of the number degrees of freedom.   This number is important because for probability distributions that involve a family of distributions, such as the chi-square distribution, the number of degrees of freedom pinpoints the exact distribution from the family that we should be using in our hypothesis test. Degrees of freedom represent the number of free choices that we can make in a given situation. One of the hypothesis tests that requires us to determine the degrees of freedom is the chi-square test for independence for two categorical variables. Tests for Independence and Two-Way Tables The chi-square test for independence calls for us to construct a two-way table, also known as a contingency table. This type of table has r rows and c columns, representing the r levels of one categorical variable and the c levels of the other categorical variable. Thus, if we do not count the row and column in which we record totals, there are a total of rc cells in the two-way table. The chi-square test for independence allows us to test the hypothesis that the categorical variables are independent of one another. As we mentioned above, the r rows and c columns in the table give us (r - 1)(c - 1) degrees of freedom. But it may not be immediately clear why this is the correct number of degrees of freedom. The Number of Degrees of Freedom To see why (r - 1)(c - 1) is the correct number, we will examine this situation in more detail. Suppose that we know the marginal totals for each of the levels of our categorical variables. In other words, we know the total for each row and the total for each column. For the first row, there are c columns in our table, so there are c cells. Once we know the values of all but one of these cells, then because we know the total of all of the cells it is a simple algebra problem to determine the value of the remaining cell. If we were filling in these cells of our table, we could enter c - 1 of them freely, but then the remaining cell is determined by the total of the row. Thus there are c - 1 degrees of freedom for the first row. We continue in this manner for the next row, and there are again c - 1 degrees of freedom. This process continues until we get to the penultimate row. Each of the rows except for the last one contributes c - 1 degrees of freedom to the total. By the time that we have all but the last row, then because we know the column sum we can determine all of the entries of the final row. This gives us r - 1 rows with c - 1 degrees of freedom in each of these, for a total of (r - 1)(c - 1) degrees of freedom. Example We see this with the following example.   Suppose that we have a two way table with two categorical variables.   One variable has three levels and the other has two.   Furthermore, suppose that we know the row and column totals for this table: Level A Level B Total Level 1 100 Level 2 200 Level 3 300 Total 200 400 600 The formula predicts that there are (3-1)(2-1) 2 degrees of freedom.   We see this as follows.   Suppose that we fill in the upper left cell with the number 80.   This will automatically determine the entire first row of entries: Level A Level B Total Level 1 80 20 100 Level 2 200 Level 3 300 Total 200 400 600 Now if we know that the first entry in the second row is 50, then the rest of the table is filled in, because we know the total of each row and column: Level A Level B Total Level 1 80 20 100 Level 2 50 150 200 Level 3 70 230 300 Total 200 400 600 The table is entirely filled in, but we only had two free choices.   Once these values were known, the rest of the table was completely determined. Although we do not typically need to know why there are this many degrees of freedom, it is good to know that we are really just applying the concept of degrees of freedom to a new situation.

Write IEP Goals for Healthy Student Work Habits

Write IEP Goals for Healthy Student Work Habits When a student in your class is the subject of an Individual Education Plan (IEP), you will be called upon to join a team that will write goals for him or her. These goals are important, as the students performance will be measured against them for the remainder of the IEP period and their success can determine the kinds of supports the school will provide.   SMART Goals For educators, its important to remember that IEP goals should be SMART. That is, they should be Specific, Measurable, use Action words, be Realistic and theyre Time-limited. Here are some ways to think about goals for children with poor work habits. You know this child.  She or he has trouble completing written work, seems to drift away during oral lessons, and may get up to socialize while children are working independently. Where do you start setting the goals that will support her or him and make them a better student? Executive Functioning Goals If a student has a disability such as ADD or ADHD, concentration and staying on task wont come easily. Children with these issues often have difficulty sustaining good work habits. Deficits such as this are known as executive functioning delays. Executive functioning includes basic organizational skill and responsibility. The purpose of goals in executive functioning is to help the student keep track of homework and  assignment due dates, remember to  turn in assignments and homework, remember to bring home (or return) books and materials. These  organizational skills lead to tools to manage his daily life.   When developing IEPs for students who need help with their work habits, it is important to remember to key in on a few specific areas. Changing one behavior at a time is much easier than focusing on too many, which will be overwhelming for the student. Sample Behavioral Goals Focus attention with minimal supervision or intervention.Refrain from distracting others.Listen when directions and instructions are given.Identify what is needed each work period and each day for homework.Be prepared for assignments.Take the time to do things right the first time.  Think things out on your own before asking.Try things independently without giving up.Work independently as much as possible.Apply successful strategies when involved in problem-solving.Be able to re-state problems, instructions, and directions to help with understanding the task at hand.Take responsibility for all work being done.Participate fully in group situations or when called upon.Be responsible for self and belongings.Remain positive when working with others.Cooperate in both large and small group settings.Be considerate of the opinions of others.Seek positive solutions for any conflicts that may arise.Always follow the routines and rules. Use these prompts to craft SMART goals. That is, they should be achievable and measurable and have a time component. For example, for the child who struggles with paying attention, this goal incorporates specific behaviors, is actionable, measurable, time-bound, and realistic:   The student will attend (sit still with eyes on the teacher, keeping their hands to themselves, using a quiet voice) to a task during large and small group instruction for a ten-minute period, with no more than one teacher prompt in four out of five trials, to be measured by the teacher. When you think about it, many of the work habits lead to good skills for life habits. Work on one or two at a time, obtaining success before moving to another habit.

Mobile Health Care Payments Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mobile Health Care Payments - Research Paper Example Mobile payment has become the single and most efficient and reliable mode of payment in hospitals. According to West (2012), the utilization of smartphones transformed the communication and methods of payment in commerce and health settings in the country. At Cleveland Clinic, these modes of payment are as a result of late payments of medical bills by patient in the hospitals after medication. Due to close monitor of the payment system, the hospital management realized that out of all the patients, only a few paid their bill in cash. Majority did not pay for their health services in the hospital (West, 2012). It resulted in the lack of revenue for the hospital since patient payment accounted for the majority of the clinic’s revenue. The impact of unpaid bills on the clinic was significant leading to ill health provision due to lack of enough health equipment in the hospital. Majority of health workers also could not receive pay since the revenue turnout was not sufficient. In addition, the introduction of Obamacare has also necessitated the use of smartphones in payment of hospital bills. Smartphones payment enables the hospital to collect revenue efficiently since the introduction of that Act. Implementation of that law meant an increase in the overall number of patients accessing the clinic and other health services (Shoval, 2013). Moreover, the Act places more responsibility on employers with the high-deductible plans on employees. The Obamacare, for this reason, is a sign of high revenue turn out to hospitals and clinic, and efficient collection of that revenue by hospital through smartphone payment would be significant. Additionally, the advancement in technology that is an entry of smartphones necessitated its use in hospital payment. This device is a valuable tool in revenue collection both for the health and commerce sector. As a result of this, Cleveland has decided to change the mode

Knowledge and asset management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Knowledge and asset management - Essay Example Finally, the report gives how the report can be of help to other companies. (Han 2003) Change is inevitable in any organization. How an organization treats its stake holders, will define its success or failure in implementing any change. An organization needs to define who a stakeholder is and influence the stakeholder has in order to handle them and to have their support in the implementation process. It is worth to note that no stakeholder should be ignored. This is a case study of Seven Seas Technology (Drucker 1974). Seven Seas Technology is an international company dealing with ICT. The company operates globally with most interest in Africa market as the market for technology is high. The company deals with technology solutions for large companies and government agencies. In the recent past, the company has won in tenders with multinationals and governments in Africa. Currently the company is in a contract with the Zambian government to install a sea cable in the country. The company was also in a multi billion contract with the Nigerian government where it was involved in networking government ministries and other government agencies. The company also secured a contract with Vodafone where it developed a system to provide computing services to its customers in the entire world. So what is the real secret behind this accomplishment story? Seven Seas were previously referred to as Dataset Technology where it had a narrow scope of business. The company only focused on East African market. The company wanted to have a wider scope to tap the adaptation of technology in the whole of Africa. The company’s top management then thought it was good to rebrand the company and increase their capital in order for the company to operate in whole of Africa. Seven seas had to identify its stakeholders and develop new ways to make sure they