Augustine, Lucretius and the Dispute of Free Will - 851 Words

Augustine and Lucretius and the Dispute of Free Will Augustine: Hello Lucretius. Lucretius: Hello Augustine. Augustine: What brings you to these parts? Lucretius: I just wanted to update my findings on the philosophy of Epicureanism and also the theory of free will. Augustine: Free will, you say? Lucretius: Yes free will. Do you have any idea of what free will is? Augustine: Why yes I do, for it is a will by which we seek to live a good and upright life and to attain unto perfect wisdom. Lucretius: Exactly. Augustine: Are you familiar of how one is able to attain free will Lucretius? Lucretius: We obtain free by the collision of atoms which will then create a swerve. However it is very important to know how the atoms move and there is a total of three movements. Augustine: Then tell me these three different movements. Lucretius: The three atomic motions are, downward fall of atoms, collision, and swerve. Augustine: How are these three movements distinct from one another? Lucretius: The downward fall of atoms just fall at a regular speed and follow within the same direction, collision is when they become fused into the elementary building blocks which give rise to matter and life ‘being driven into closer union and held there by the entanglement of their Interlocking shapes, and one of the most important motions, swerve, is the spontaneous and infinitesimally small change of direction in the course of an atom’s downward fall. Augustine: What makes swerve so important?

Obesity Becoming A Public Concern - 1654 Words

Executive Summary Obesity has become an epidemic in American societies that has become a public concern. According to the American Obesity Association (AOA), overweight and obesity rates are higher than ever in America’s youth. Obesity is the fastest growing cause of disease in American society today. Some of the major health concerns for today’s youth with obesity include severe asthma, Diabetes, Hypertension, orthopedic complications and sleep apnea. Researchers have come up with many different causes of obesity including biological cause, psychological causes, and sociological causes. Although they have been able to come up with these causes one of the most blamed causes of obesity is the food industry. Medical researchers and other professionals have been able to produce a variety of solutions to treat and prevent obesity including Gastric bypass surgery that is available at the age of eighteen. With all the solutions present, without changing the attitudes and lifestyles of the pa rents who are buying the food for the children the epidemic will continue. Obesity is a complex health issue that has become a dangerous problem in today’s youth. According to the American Obesity Association (AOA), overweight and obesity rates are higher than ever in America’s youth. Obesity is defined as the presence of excess adipose tissue. To be considered obese, professionals use the Body Mass index (BMI) as the main source of measurement and other measurements to seeShow MoreRelatedEssay on Public School Health Care558 Words   |  3 PagesThe public school system offers several different types of health care services to students concerning issues that are a problem in 21st century schools. Two of the top concerns in public school health care concern the on topics of reproduction and obesity. 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The findings depict a 64% increased likelihood of beco ming obese when born byRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Obesity And Obesity1196 Words   |  5 PagesThe prevalence of obesity has increased significantly in populations worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) (2015) estimated that 400 million adults were considered obese worldwide and is projected to double by the year 2015. Traditionally, obesity is associated with high caloric intake and lower levels of physical activity in high income Western countries. However, low and middle income countries are increasingly becoming obese and becoming a major public health concern in regards to qualityRead MoreObesity : What Is Eating Me?1218 Words   |  5 Pages Obesity: What is Eating Me? Jonathan Griffin Introduction to Sociology Instructor: Beth Stewart March 06, 2017 Obesity in this country has reached epidemic proportions. The physical, emotional, and socio-economic effects of obesity make it a concern, because it links us to many of the maladies that are killing us. Obesity is a symptom of a more important issue, the manipulation of our food source. We have reached the point in this country where eating a balanced diet does notRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Major Health Issue1731 Words   |  7 Pages Abstract Childhood obesity is a major health issue nationwide and globally. This has been going on for many years and childhood obesity has increased tremendously. The main problem is the difference between calorie ingestion and calories consumed. Other influences (hereditary, developmental, and environmental) can also affect obese children. Physical, emotional, and public health issues causes pain and suffering for many children. The process of obesity growth is not completely understoodRead MoreShould Not Be A Social Norm?1380 Words   |  6 PagesShould not being obesity How many obese individuals do you see a day on the street? How do you think if overweight consider be a petty group as our future social norm? There are many serious health issues in our society. Today, obesity is one of the most popular diseases in America. Being overweight is usually a warning sign that people could be on their way to becoming obesity. According to Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention report, the most recent national data shows moreRead MoreThe Public Needs to Know: Dietary Changes to School Meals1088 Words   |  4 PagesThe Public Needs to Know: Dietary Changes to School Meals Children today are in much greater danger of health issues related to poor nutrition and diet than seen in previous generations. As children continue to face the dangers of issues like obesity, more and more programs are aiming to address the issue with effectiveness. It is clear that something needs to be done in regards to helping improve the nutritional intake of school in the state and across the country. Changes to breakfast and lunchRead MoreU.s School Food Regulation For Public Schools Essay1543 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican public schools have poor nutrition, and it causes obesity in teenagers. As a former student of the American public school systems, the condition of the food has been a problem for years. Over the past two decades, obesity has been an issue in the U.S, and it is due to poor school nutrition. The public schools lack a variation in the healthy meals they contain. Inadequate nutrition can lead to an abundance of health problems. Although spending money on foo d can be expensive, the government

Role of CDER

Question: Describe about the Role of CDER? Answer: Introduction: CDERs mission is to promote and protect public health to ensure the usage of drugs is safe and effective according to their intended use. CDER also ensure the availability of the drugs to the patients and they must match the quality standards. CDER is a part of U.S Food and drug administration (FDA). Including generic drugs and biological therapeutics, CDER do prescription on drugs and also regulates over-the-counter. CDER regulates various other things as well other than medicine. For example, sunscreens and dandruff shampoos that can be considered as drugs and others as well like fluoride toothpaste and antiperspirants. CDERs basic business model: CDERs mission can be described in terms of three long-term objectives for human drugs, which are identified in Strategic priorities given by FDA (2013-2017). CDERs mission is to Make promotion on public health to ensure the availability of effective and safe drugs. Protection of the public health by promoting the safe usage of marketed drugs. The protection of the health of the public by ensuring the integrity and quality of the products that are marketed. All these long term objectives do implementation on FDA responsibilities for human drugs, as specified in the act upon Food Drug and Cosmetic (CDER issues guidance against use of certain phthalates, 2012). CDER intensely pursue the objectives and fundamental goals, such as- CDER conducts science based premarket review so that it can ensure the drugs can be marketed to the public are effective and safe. CDER do identification and development of the new scientific models, methods and tools to improve the safety, quality, efficiency and predictability of new drug development. CDER also do promotion of health and patient awareness about drug benefits and the associated risk through effective communication on drug information. CDER conduct the post-market surveillance to detect new safety signal at early stage. CDER provide promotion of safe of use of the drug. CDER ensure the security of the global supply chain to ensure the drug integrity. CDER ensures that the distribution and manufacturing of drugs with a better quality standard. Improve the drug quality and its capacity through the extended use of risk-based methods. CDER do the promotion to increase awareness of public and stakeholder about the drug integrity and quality through the effective consumer communication(Highlights of US CDER drug safety activity in 2003, 2004). CDERs operating model: Science: Science includes portfolio for management and development of a regulatory research to maximize the return on investment of applied research, so that the inherent uncertainties in manufacturing and development can be reduced. Policy: Policies include the development of the CDER guidance and regulations related to the three core areas- committing and drafting on legislation, leading the response and analysis to the citizen petitions and making other coordination policies with other international and federal policy- making bodies and other FDA offices (Jacobs and Brown, 2015). Planning: Planning includes the trend analysis, which affects the resource requirements and CDER mission, program plan development and performance metrics, implementation done on the identified program initiative, program performance evaluation and conduct operation analysis. Management: Management includes systems and its processes for hiring, training, paying, assessing and retention staff. Administrative management tasks include formulation of center budget, execution and requests on budget, requirements on planning facility and addressing associated issues with the current facility operations. Information management/Information Technology: It includes developments of the infrastructure, standards, process and tools to enable full e-regulatory oversight throughput drug life cycle. This area includes implementation and development of long-range plans to manage information, including a process of co-evolving business operation and enable informatics (Lu, 2007). Communication: Communication includes the set of collected information, based on which outside stake holders need to know and want to know about the safe use of human drugs and related information about them. This activity also looks for the FDAs activity of protecting public health and also to help in product innovation and the advance drug development program. Range of activities include public roll-out of the information on newly taken CDER regulatory initiatives and also make use of other information and full range of media and other information channel to enable relevant and good understanding of human drug issues(Schwieterman, 2006). Conclusion: With all the above discussion it is recognized that the health professional, consumers, patients and most importantly external stake holder play a critical role in CDERs effort to achieve mission and vision to set up awareness of healthy usage of drugs. CDRE helps to give shape to the management and implement programs that leverage the FDA efforts and ultimately it is improving public health. References CDER issues guidance against use of certain phthalates. (2012). Reactions Weekly, 1432(1), pp.2-2. CDER proposes changes to improve safety of compounding. (2013). Reactions Weekly, 1454(1), pp.4-4. Comments from the Survey by CDERCBER Scientists. (2006). Oncology Times, 28(16), p.12. Hastings, K. (2002). Implications of the new FDA/CDER immunotoxicology guidance for drugs. International Immunopharmacology, 2(11), pp.1613-1618. Highlights of US CDER drug safety activity in 2003. (2004). Reactions Weekly, NA;(1005), p.3. Woodcock, J. (2014). Paving the critical path of drug development: the CDER perspective. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 13(11), pp.783-784.

Managerial Communication Breakdown

Abstract The following paper is an interview with a manager at a multinational retail firm. The interviewee’s official title is divisional vice president of human resources. The managerial climate of the firm at the time of the interview can be categorized as turbulent – senior management underwent a major shift the week before, and two days before the interview the CEO stepped down and a new CEO addressed the senior managers.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Managerial Communication Breakdown specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The firm itself loses money each quarter; the financial climate therefore remains uncertain, and many people fear lay-offs and downsizing. Keywords: business communication, managerial communication, breakdown, strategies Managerial Communication Breakdown Introduction The following paper includes elements from an interview with a senior manager at a multinational retail firm. The interviewee’s official title is divisional vice president of human resources. The managerial climate of the firm at the time of the interview can be categorized as turbulent and stressful; senior management underwent a major shift the week before, and two days before the interview the CEO stepped down and a new CEO addressed the senior managers at a breakfast meeting. No warning occurred prior to the CEO’s transition, and many senior managers experienced trepidation at the swiftness and secrecy surrounding the CEO’s exit. The feeling in the company, according to the interviewee, was â€Å"it’s a bad omen† (E. Kurtz, personal communication, June 25, 2011). The firm itself loses money each quarter; the financial climate therefore remains uncertain, and many people fear lay-offs and downsizing. Breakdowns in Internal Politics As explained above, the current climate of the retail company is beset with anxiety. According to the interviewee, à ¢â‚¬Å"everyone is afraid. No one knows what is going on, since in recent weeks the C-suite has been like a revolving door. We’ve had hires and fires going on at a blistering pace, and since just about everyone in senior management is now new, the ones who didn’t leave in the first round are wondering when the axe will fall on them.Advertising Looking for research paper on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Communication wise this has created an atmosphere of mistrust; the internal politics can be summed up in three words: Trust no one. I also have the feeling that everyone is updating their resume and looking for a new job – there’s a real sense that the rats are fleeing the Titanic. As a result no one is really focusing on the work at hand, which is to pull the company out of the lion’s mouth. Communication about the business itself is almost an afterthought. Everybody i s just trying to find out what’s going on and if they will have a job next week† (E. Kurtz, personal communication, June 25, 2011). The dearth of trust in the organization described herein speaks to what Casey, Miller Johnson (1997) call â€Å"information deprivation†¦ information deprivation will motivate survivors to engage in strategic information-seeking behaviors. Survivors may seek to confirm rumors that the downsizing is only the first in a series of RIFs or ascertain if the organization is stable with a leaner staff. Information-seeking strategies are deliberate, conscious efforts to obtain information that vary in accordance to their overtness and the degree of specificity of desired information† (Casey, Miller Johnson 1997). According to the interviewee an effective strategy in recent days has been â€Å"active listening. I find that if I spend the first few minutes of the meeting listening to the fears and anxieties from my team, they settle do wn instantly and we return to our effective work mode. In my experience when managers ignore the anxieties of their team it just doesn’t work; yes, these are irrational fears and nobody knows what will happen, however the simple act of listening in a thoughtful way without judgment seems to focus my team instantly† (E. Kurtz, personal communication, June 25, 2011). Breakdowns in Decision Making According to Winter, Neal Waner (2001), â€Å"poor communication skills can bias group decision making† (Winter, Neal Waner 2001). In the experience of the interviewee, decision making in the organization suffers at the present time simply because of â€Å"impatience. We just got a new CEO, yet everyone wants to know now what is happening now. The poor guy hasn’t even sat at his own desk yet.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Managerial Communication Breakdown specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Decision making is rife with speculation and prediction – all the arm chair quarterbacks are out in full force trying to predict the new guy’s play – and I find that very few decisions have been made, aside from the major decision to exit the old CEO and bring in the new one† (E. Kurtz, personal communication, June 25, 2011). The strategy that the interviewee employed at the time of the interview is â€Å"avoiding groupthink. When we are in a strategy meeting, I do not allow any speculation as to the current CEO’s plan. Groupthink derails decision making almost instantly, and all it takes is one person to make some remark about what the CEO did in his previous role – how many people he fired, usually – and the whole team dissolves into panic mode. I steer us back to the task at hand – whatever decision needs to be made in the next hour – and I tend to be a firm taskmaster. The strategy that works best for me is t o not verbally engage the groupthink in any way; I simply restate the task, and lead the group back to the fold† (E. Kurtz, personal communication, June 25, 2011). Breakdowns in Leadership According to Winter, Neal Waner (2001), â€Å"the more realistic the task, the more likely it is that the emergent leader will be from either sex†¦however, where participants have less stake in the outcome, men are slightly more likely to emerge as leaders. Women take the leadership role more often in social situations, and men participate more and act as leader more often in task situations†¦even when a woman had taken the leadership role and performed most of the leadership tasks, if a man had contributed significantly, he was perceived as the leader† (Winter, Neal Waner 2001). In the current climate of the organization, leadership styles differ significantly, and according to the interviewee, some leaders deploy a masculine or authoritative style that â€Å"really isnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t flying for us at the moment. The old CEO had a tendency toward public rebuking of his direct reports. I’m not saying that’s why he left, but that had an effect on people, you know?Advertising Looking for research paper on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Telling someone they suck in public does not win hearts and minds. I think to his credit he felt like that tactic would motivate guys to make sure they did a better job, however in our case it backfired. No one felt safe to communicate for fear of being stripped naked in front of peers† (E. Kurtz, personal communication, June 25, 2011). The communication strategy that the interviewee uses to handle performance issues among the members of her team is â€Å"personal and private. I take the individual aside and I make sure no one witnesses me doing this. Then I explain to him or her that we are going to place him on a performance plan, if we are, or if I need to find out why certain tasks aren’t getting done, I ask the question one to one and then work with the team member to facilitate the task† (E. Kurtz, personal communication, June 25, 2011). References Casey, M.K., Miller, V.D. Johnson, J.R. (1997). â€Å"Survivors’ information seeking following a redu ction in workforce.† Communication Research, 24, (6), 755-777. Kurtz, E. (2011, June 25). Personal communication. Winter, J.K., Neal, J.C. Waner, K. K. (2001). â€Å"How male, female, and mixed-gender groups regard interaction and leadership differences in the business communication course.† Business Communication Quarterly, 64 (3), 43-59. 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